infectious diseases papers

Methods of adjustment for public health and social measures in post-licensure vaccine studies in children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

This systematic review of 64 post-licensure vaccine studies in sub-Saharan Africa reveals that none accounted for concurrent public health and social measures, highlighting a critical gap in study design that may compromise the interpretability of vaccine effectiveness estimates, particularly for pathogens like pneumococcus where results showed substantial heterogeneity.

Ndeketa, L., Vaselli, N. M., Pitzer, V. E. + 3 more2026-04-02📄 infectious diseases

RNase HII-assisted amplification (RHAM) for rapid point-of-care monkeypox detection

This study demonstrates that the Pluslife Biotech RHAM assay is a rapid, extraction-free, point-of-care molecular test capable of detecting all monkeypox virus clades with high sensitivity and specificity across diverse clinical specimens, offering a practical solution for outbreak control in resource-limited settings.

Kamhieh-Milz, J., Kamhieh-Milz, S., Schwarz, F. + 3 more2026-04-02📄 infectious diseases

A multicopy transposase-targeted qPCR assay for highly sensitive diagnosis of scrub typhus

This study presents "TranScrub," a highly sensitive and specific SYBR Green-based qPCR assay targeting a multicopy transposase gene that outperforms conventional single-copy gene methods for diagnosing scrub typhus in both blood and dried blood spot samples.

Kansuwan, M., Tapaopong, P., Anakerit, S. + 8 more2026-04-02📄 infectious diseases

Attitudes towards new tuberculosis vaccines among adults, adolescents and their caregivers in southern Mozambique, 2024

A 2024 mixed-methods study in southern Mozambique reveals that 77% of adults and adolescents are willing to receive a new tuberculosis vaccine, with adolescents showing significantly higher willingness than adults and overall uptake likely to be high if the vaccine is endorsed by trusted authorities.

Lima, A., Campos, I., Kim, D. + 6 more2026-04-01📄 infectious diseases

Prevalence of dhfr-dhps sextuple mutants and gametocyte-harboring quintuple mutants resistant to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine among pregnant women in Mozambique

A molecular analysis of 100 *Plasmodium falciparum* isolates from pregnant women in Mozambique revealed that while 7% of parasites carried sextuple mutations conferring sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, quintuple mutants were significantly associated with increased gametocyte carriage, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance to guide malaria prevention strategies.

Drissi-El Boukili, Y., Rovira-Vallbona, E., Guetens, P. + 6 more2026-04-01📄 infectious diseases

Diagnostic Accuracy and Potential Resource Savings of Pooled Sputum Testing with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Tuberculosis among adults in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study in Vietnam demonstrates that pooled Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing offers a resource-efficient strategy for tuberculosis screening, achieving a 46.5% reduction in cartridge use and significant cost savings while maintaining high specificity, though with a modest decrease in sensitivity compared to individual testing.

Nguyen, H. T., Codlin, A. J., Vo, L. + 16 more2026-04-01📄 infectious diseases

The R = 1 threshold can misclassify epidemic stability

This paper argues that the conventional $R=1$ threshold for epidemic stability is often misleading due to population heterogeneity and proposes the alternative statistic $E=1$ as a more robust and meaningful real-time indicator for distinguishing between epidemic growth and control.

Parag, K. V., Santillana, M., Cori, A. V. + 1 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Human systemic and mucosal immune responses support further exploration of a Klebsiella pneumoniae protein-based vaccine

This study identifies specific *Klebsiella pneumoniae* proteins that elicit protective antibody responses in mothers and neonates, supporting the further development of a maternally administered protein-based vaccine to prevent neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa.

Campo, J. J., Pearse, O., Zuza, A. M. + 13 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Tracking cross-border transmission of Rwandas successful dominant rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone using genomic markers

This study utilizes genomic markers and a targeted qPCR assay to confirm the cross-border transmission of Rwanda's dominant rifampicin-resistant *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* R3 clone to neighboring countries, underscoring the critical need for coordinated international surveillance in the Great Lakes Region.

Cuella-Martin, I., Mulders, W., Keysers, J. + 13 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Improving estimation of vaccine effectiveness during outbreaks in low-resource settings: A case study of oral cholera vaccination during the 2022-2023 cholera outbreak in Malawi

This study demonstrates that by analyzing routine surveillance data from the 2022-2023 cholera outbreak in Malawi using an EpiEstim framework adjusted for WASH interventions, researchers successfully estimated that oral cholera vaccination contributed to a substantial reduction in transmission, achieving an adjusted effectiveness of approximately 62%.

Ndeketa, L., Hungerford, D., Pitzer, V. E. + 11 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Streptococcus agalactiae, a frequent but not so well-known cause of bone and joint infections: a Multicentric observational study 2014-23

This multicentric observational study of 1,454 adults with bone and joint infections reveals that *Streptococcus agalactiae* is the predominant streptococcal species involved, accounting for 29% of cases and being specifically associated with risk factors such as arteriopathy, obesity, and diabetes, as well as a higher prevalence of chronic lower-limb and diabetic foot infections.

Jamard, S., Le Moal, g., Plouzeau-Jayle, c. + 10 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Decomposing Participatory Surveillance Symptom Time Series to Track Respiratory Infections: A Cross-Country Evaluation Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

This study demonstrates that Non-negative Matrix Factorization applied to participatory surveillance symptom data can effectively decompose co-circulating respiratory pathogen trends, identifying specific signals for viruses like SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, and influenza in the Netherlands and successfully transferring these insights to enhance surveillance in Italy.

Carstens, G., Mazzoli, M., Gozzi, N. + 2 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

Genomic Epidemiology to Investigate the Origins and Zoonotic Implications of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli on Beef and Lamb Meat Sold by Independent Butchers in Wales

This genomic epidemiology study of meat from independent Welsh butchers reveals that antibiotic-resistant *E. coli* on beef and lamb primarily originates from faecal contamination at slaughter, with minimal evidence of direct zoonotic transmission to humans causing extraintestinal infections in the region.

Sealey, J. E., Peltonen, N., Llamazares, B. + 6 more2026-03-31📄 infectious diseases

WGS-Enabled Surveillance Improves Detection Of Transmission Events Within A Large Tertiary Care Hospital Trust In London

This study demonstrates that integrating whole-genome sequencing with patient movement data significantly improves the detection of carbapenem-producing Enterobacterales transmission events in a London hospital compared to traditional surveillance, offering earlier outbreak identification and substantial economic savings.

Rodgus, J., Fraser-Krauss, O., Ravindra, Y. + 10 more2026-03-30📄 infectious diseases

Epidemic indicators do not determine intervention performance

This paper demonstrates that standard epidemic indicators like growth rates and reproduction numbers are insufficient for predicting intervention success because structural uncertainties in transmission can cause identical metrics to yield dramatically different outcomes under feedback control.

Parag, K. V.2026-03-30📄 infectious diseases

Differential virulence potential of different clades of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258

This study demonstrates that among multidrug-resistant *Klebsiella pneumoniae* ST258 isolates, Clade 2 exhibits greater virulence than Clade 1 by causing more acute illness in humans and enhanced bacterial dissemination in mice, driven by distinct mechanisms involving serum resistance and macrophage evasion that highlight both the critical role of capsule composition and the limitations of mouse models in predicting human immune responses.

Chen, N., Dresden, B. P., Cassady, M. + 6 more2026-03-30📄 infectious diseases

Incidence, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Adults and Children Admitted with Dengue Infection in Jamaica

This single-center retrospective study in Jamaica found that acute kidney injury affects 25.8% of adults and children hospitalized with dengue infection, with higher incidence in adults and associations linked to older age, male sex, elevated bilirubin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, highlighting the need for improved early recognition and vector control.

Wilson, T., Walker, J., Thomas-Chen, R. + 1 more2026-03-28📄 infectious diseases

A protocol for assessment of interventions using a computational phenotype for Long COVID

This study developed and validated a computational phenotype using electronic health records from a multistate US healthcare system to detect Long COVID manifestations in hospitalized patients, establishing a baseline for future assessment of whether remdesivir treatment reduces the risk of developing Long COVID.

Amitabh Gunjan, A., Huang, L., Appe, A. + 7 more2026-03-27📄 infectious diseases

A prospective cohort study of the clinical profile of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in Thailand

This prospective cohort study in Northern Thailand characterizes the clinical profile of *Acinetobacter baumannii* infections, revealing that while hospital-acquired cases are predominantly multidrug-resistant and associated with ICU stays, community-acquired infections constitute a significant minority with distinct source patterns, and overall mortality remains high, particularly among patients with multidrug-resistant or carbapenem-resistant strains.

Freeouf, S., Palethorpe, S., Fairhead, C. + 8 more2026-03-27📄 infectious diseases

Enhancing, controlling, and sterilizing dengue immunity and the development of broadly protective responses

This phase 1 clinical trial demonstrates that controlled human challenge with dengue virus reveals how pre-existing antibody profiles, particularly those targeting non-structural protein 1, dictate infection outcomes by either driving pathogenic enhancement or enabling sterilizing immunity through balanced, enduring T and B cell responses.

Odio, C. D., Aogo, R. A., Firdous, S. + 24 more2026-03-27📄 infectious diseases

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